Women serve in the armed forces of at least 74 countries around the world. To better understand successful strategies the military services of other countries have used to attract and retain highly qualified women, the Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services (known as DACOWITS) requested this literature review be conducted by Insight’s military and veteran support team. This review provides an overview of foreign militaries that have women serving in their armed forces and presents case studies of four militaries that allow women to serve in combat: South Africa, Australia, Canada, and Norway. The report concludes by applying findings to the recruitment and retention approaches used by the U.S. Military.