As part of their ongoing effort to recruit and retain women into the military service, the Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services (known as DACOWITS) requested a literature review to identify the gender distribution in selected civilian career field and summarize the strategies, if any, used to recruit and retain women in these fields. This literature review, authored by Insight’s military and veteran support team, reviews the retention efforts for women in the military and provides a detailed discussion of male-dominated civilian career fields and strategies that have been used to recruit and retain women. The report concludes by identifying the pattern of challenges for women in male-dominated career fields and the strategies that have been used successfully to attract and keep women in these industries.